济南激光切割的激光喷嘴如何维护

　　在济南金属激光切割中，如果喷嘴选择或维护不当，很容易造成污染或损坏，或者由于喷嘴口的圆度不好，或者由于铁水飞溅造成局部堵塞，喷嘴内会形成涡流，导致切割性能明显较差。

　　In Jinan metal laser cutting, if the nozzle is not selected or maintained properly, it is easy to cause pollution or damage, or due to poor roundness of the nozzle mouth or local blockage caused by splashing of molten iron, eddy currents will form inside the nozzle, leading to significantly poor cutting performance.

　　首先，喷嘴口和聚焦光束有不同的轴线，形成光束来切割喷嘴边缘，这也会影响切割质量，增加切割宽度，使切割尺寸错位。

　　Firstly, the nozzle mouth and the focusing beam have different axes, forming a beam to cut the nozzle edge. This also affects the cutting quality, increases the cutting width, and causes the cutting size to be misaligned.

　　喷嘴尺寸对切割速度有一定的影响，喷嘴尺寸对出口压力分布也有影响。随着喷嘴直径的增大，由于射流对切割区母材的强烈冷却作用，热影响区会变窄，但也会导致切割缝过宽，喷嘴尺寸会造成准直困难。喷嘴口有被光束割伤的危险。而且，窄的切缝会阻碍高速下渣的顺利进行。

　　The size of the nozzle has a certain impact on the cutting speed, and the size of the nozzle also has an impact on the outlet pressure distribution. With the increase of nozzle diameter, the Heat-affected zone will become narrower due to the strong cooling effect of the jet on the base metal in the cutting area, but it will also lead to the cutting seam being too wide, and the nozzle size will cause difficulties in alignment. There is a risk of cutting the nozzle mouth by a beam of light. Moreover, narrow slits can hinder the smooth progress of high-speed slag discharge.

　　喷嘴与工件之间的距离直接影响喷嘴气流与工件狭缝的耦合。喷嘴口离工件表面太近，会对镜头产生很强的回流压力，削弱飞溅切割材料产生点的分散能力，对切割质量产生负面影响，但距离太远会造成不必要的动能损失，这也不利于有效的切割。

　　The distance between the nozzle and the workpiece directly affects the coupling between the nozzle airflow and the workpiece slit. If the nozzle mouth is too close to the surface of the workpiece, it will generate strong reflux pressure on the lens, weaken the dispersion ability of splashing cutting material, and have a negative impact on cutting quality. However, if the distance is too far, it will cause unnecessary kinetic energy loss, which is not conducive to effective cutting.

　　一般来说的话，激光切割当中的喷嘴与工件之间的距离需要控制在1-2毫米以内。现代激光切割系统的割炬配有感应式或电容式传感器反馈装置，可在预设高度范围内自动调节两者之间的距离。